hybridization technique: The technical operation of hybridization work is known as hybridization technique, which needs skilled persons. The hybridization technique involves the following steps: 1. Selection of Parents This is the first step of the hybridization experiment. The parent plants are selected from the population of individuals growing in isolated crop fields on the farmer’s land […]
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Crop Domestication Transformation from Wild Species to Crop Plants One of the landmarks of human development is the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agriculture-based societies, the so-called Neolithic Revolution. A key component of this transition was the domestication of wild plant species into cultivated crops capable of supporting higher population densities (Harlan, 1992).
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Gamma irradiation The garden in which crop plants are irradiated with gamma rays for mutation breeding, is called gamma garden. In India, the first gamma garden was established in 1959 at the Bose Research Institute, Kolkata and the second one was established at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, in 1960. Several improved crop
Ginkgo biloba This remarkable order of great antiquity is represented in the present age by a sole survivor ginkgo biloba, which by many paleobotanists is regarded as a “living fossil”. It occurred as far back as Triassic period of the Mesozoic age (about 200,000,000 years ago). The order as a whole consists of 16 genera
Curriculum The term curriculum is derived from the Latin Word ‘Currer’ which means run, and it signifies a runway or ‘a course which one runs to reach a goal”. In education, it is generally identified with a course of study, or subjects prescribed for a course. In fact subjects form only a part of curriculum
Different types of evaluation Meaning of Evaluation: The word “evaluation” can be interpreted quite broadly. Evaluation refers to the comparison of data to a standard for the purpose of judging worth or quality. It is a systematic collection and analysis of data in order to assess the strengths and weaknesses of programs, policies, and organizations
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Vavilov’s Centres of Origin of Cultivated Crop Plants The centre of origin refers to a geographical area where a particular group of organisms (either domesticated or wild) first originated on Earth. Many scientists initially believed that centres of origin and centres of diversity are the same. However, this is not always true. A centre of
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Guttation in plants: Guttation in plants can be defined as the exudation of water droplets from the margin of leaves some plants such as garden nasturtium, tomato, Colocasia etc., watery drops ooze out from the uninjured margins of the leaves where the main vein ends. Guttation takes place usually early in the morning when the
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cinchona tree Despite the rise of synthetic antimalarials like chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, Explore the fascinating cinchona tree, a vital source for malaria treatments with significant medical uses and active compounds. Systematic Position Taxonomic Rank Classification Kingdom Plantae Division Angiosperms Class Dicotyledons Order Gentianales Family Rubiaceae Genus Cinchona Species C. officinalis (noted) Botanical Characteristics Active Compounds Medicinal
Endocytosis Definition: Endocytosis is an energy-dependent process where cells engulf molecules such as proteins by invagination of the plasma membrane, forming vesicles that transport substances into the cell. Most chemical substances important to the cells are large polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrolpholic plasma membrane by passive means, hence these molecules can enter
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